Other electronic media

Theses or dissertations, Encyclopedias and dictionaries, Annual reports, Fact sheets, brochures and press releases, Presentation slides, Images, Audio podcasts, Video podcasts, Streaming videos, Interviews, Data sets
Message posted to newsgroups, online forums, discussion groups or electronic mailing lists, Wikis, Blog posts, Video blog posts (e.g. YouTube), Computer programs, software, or programming languages

Follow previous sections for format of author, date, and title elements.

The date element should indicate the year of publication or, if the source undergoes regular revision, the most recent update.
After the title of the work, insert in brackets as part of the title element (i.e., before the period) the type of medium for the material.
A retrieval or availability statement replaces the location and name of the publisher typically provided for text references. Use "Available from" when the URL leads to information on how to obtain the cited material (rather than to the material itself).
Include retrieval dates where the source material is likely to change over time (e.g. Wikis).

See also, the audiovisual section of this guide for some examples not included here.

Type	Examples
Theses or dissertations	Retrieved from a database: Murray, B. P. (2008). Prior knowledge, two teaching approaches for metacognition: Main idea and summarization strategies in reading (Doctoral dissertation, Fordham University, New York). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. (AAT 3302116) Retrieved from an institutional or personal Web site: McDonald, J. (2007). The role of online discussion forums in supporting learning in higher education (Doctoral dissertation, University of Southern Queensland). Retrieved from http://eprints.usq.edu.au/3588/2/ McDonald_2007_whole.pdf
Encyclopedias and dictionaries	Give the home or index page URL for reference works - Do NOT copy the use of bold text! Claiborn, C. D. (2008). Psychotherapy. In D. Hoiberg (Ed.), Encyclopedia Britannica online (Academic ed.). Retrieved from http://search.eb.com Psychotherapy. (2008). Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved June 17, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Main_Page Psychotherapy. (2008). In AskOxford.com. Retrieved from http://www.askoxford.com/?view=uk
Annual reports	BHP Billiton. (2007). 2007 BHP Billiton annual report. Retrieved from http://bhpbilliton.com/bbContent Repository/20071114140799/bhbpannualreport07.pdf
Fact sheets, brochures and press releases	Florek, S. (2003). Megafauna extinction: Patterns of extinction [Fact sheet]. Retrieved from http://www.austmus.gov.au/factsheets/megafauna.htm Australian Museum. (2003). Concretions, thunder eggs and geodes [Fact sheet]. Retrieved from http://www.austmus. gov.au/factsheets/geodes.htm Xerox Corporation. (2004). Looks small, acts big: The Xerox Phaser 3150 personal laser printer for business [Brochure]. Retrieved from http://www.office.xerox.com/latest/315BR-01 .PDF Apple Inc. (2007). iPhone delivers up to eight hours of talk time [Press release]. Retrieved from http://www.apple. com/pr/library/2007/06/18iphone.html
Presentation slides	OWL at Purdue University. (2004). Conquering the comma [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from http://owl.english. purdue.edu/workshops/pp/comma.PPT#256,1,Conquering the Comma
Images	When referring to information gained from images: Human skeleton [Image]. (2011). Retrieved from http://www. teachpe.com/images/anatomy/skeleton.jpg Saudi Arabia [Topographic map]. (2009). Retrieved from http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/asia/ sa.htm Tunbridge, D. I. (2003). Volunteers of the ACT Bushfire Service lighting a back-burn on the Mount Franklin Road, Brindabella Ranges, on the night of 11/12 January 2003 [Digital photograph]. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/ nla.pic-an24954626 Try to be consistent when specifying the medium in brackets [ ], immediately after the title.
Audio podcasts	Hutcheon, J. (2008, June 15). Jane Hutcheon reflects on life in London [Audio podcast]. Retrieved from http://www.abc.net. au/correspondents/content/2008/s2274772.htm Curtis, B., & Diez, M. (2008). Intermediate Spanish podcast 42: La Mafia [Audio podcast]. Available from http://www. notesinspanish.com/category/intermediate-spanish-podcast/
Video podcasts	Give the name and, in parentheses, the function of the originator or primary contributors (the director or the producer, or both) - Do NOT copy the use of bold text! National Geographic Society. (Producer). (2008, May 19). Chimp memory beats humans' [Video podcast]. Retrieved from http://www.podanza.com/podcast/national-geographic- video-shorts/42ac4d6d3d12b6ad80303e9f6556d4a0/ Early Childhood Australia. (Producer). (2010). Intentional teaching and the Early Years Learning Framework with Judy Radich [Video podcast]. Available from http://www. earlychildhoodaustralia.org.au/eylfplp/play_based_ learning_and_the_eylf.php Holland, A. (Producer), & Harris, H. (Director). (2008, June 12). Bog man [Video podcast]. Retrieved from ABC: http://www. abc.net.au/catalyst/stories/2272392.htm
Streaming videos	Sarra, C. (2010). Elders and community [Video]. Retrieved from http://mediasite.eq.edu.au/eq/ Viewer/?peid=bb3dbc846b2a4426ae2f1256 bca8cf7e Cambridge Educational. (Producer). (2011). Alcohol and the family: Breaking the chain [Video]. Retrieved from http://digital. films.com.libdbauth.nait.ab.ca/ portal/Playlists.aspx?aid=7892&xtdi98765 William James: The psychology of possibility (Giants of Psychology) [Video]. (2011). Available from http://ffh. films.com/id/20410/William_James_The_Psychology_ of_Possibility.htm
Interviews	Interviews that are not retrievable should be cited in text as a personal communication (including month, day, year) and not included in the reference list (see section on unpublished works) - Do NOT copy the use of bold text! Hughes, R. (Interviewer), & Cilento, D. (Interviewee). (2000, June 20). Diane Cilento [Interview transcript]. Retrieved from http://www.australianbiography.gov.au/subjects/ cilento/intertext1.html
Data sets	twins.dta - twins study (life characteristics in midlife) (UCLA Statistics Data Sets) [Data file]. (2003). Retrieved from http://www.stat.ucla.edu/data/ Government of Southern Sudan. Ministry of Education, Science and Technology. Directorate of Planning and Budgeting. (2010). South Sudan 2010 secondary data (2010 Annual School Census) [Data file]. Retrieved from http://southsudan.ed-assist.net/
The following item types do NOT have their titles in italics
Message posted to newsgroups, online forums, discussion groups or electronic mailing lists	Moore, R. (2006, October 29). Survey of test subjects [Newsgroup message]. Retrieved from news://sci.psychology.consciousness Blaire, T. (2007, January 20). Transition in leadership [Electronic mailing list message]. Retrieved from the Politics and Government electronic mailing list: http://www.polgov.org/mail-archive/rp/msg7.html For personal email, refer to personal communication in the section on unpublished works. Include the name of the list if the information is not part of the URL.
Wikis	Self-study: Broadening the concepts of participation and program support. (2007). Retrieved June 18, 2008, from the Adult Literacy Education (ALE) Wiki: http://wiki.literacytent.org/index. php/Self-Study:_Broadening_the_Concepts_of_Participation_ and_Program_Support
Blog posts	Bedford, T. (2008, June 12). Re: Got a problem using EndNote? Let us know here [Web log comment]. Retrieved from http://library.usq.edu.au/wordpress/?p=539 McGarry, A. (2008, June 13). China's pain fires Olympic dream [Web log post]. Retrieved from http://blogs.abc.net.au/ olympics/
Video blog posts (e.g. YouTube)	BridgeTEFL. (2007, October 5). TEFL online tutorial: Teaching grammar in context [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= EXg3w_jbNrc Westrom, M. (2009, June 18). Psychology - short and long term memory [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www. youtube.com/watch?v=TausqSK9p9k
Computer programs, software, or programming languages	Reference list entries are not necessary for standard off-the-shelf software and programming languages. Provide entries for specialized software or programs with limited distribution. In text, give the name of the software, the version number and year. Do not italicise the names of software, programs, or languages. If an individual has proprietary rights to the software, name him or her as the author; otherwise, treat such references as unauthored works. Immediately after the title and version, identify with a source type such as [Computer program], [Computer language], or [Computer software]. If no version number is available, include the retrieval date. If the program can be downloaded or ordered from the web, give this information in the publisher position. Schoonjans, F. (2008). MedCalc Statistical Software (Version 9.5.2.0) [Computer software]. Retrieved from 3D2F.COM Software Directory: http://3d2f.com/programs /13-638-medcalc-statistical-software-download.shtml Accurate Personality Test [Computer software]. (2007). Retrieved June 19, 2008, from http://www. sharewareconnection.com/accurate-personality- test.htm Tools and applications: CultureGPS lite (Version 1.13) [Computer software]. (2011). Retrieved from http://itunes.apple.com/ app/culturegps-lite/id297051765?mt=8 Pages (Version 1.5) [Computer software]. (2011). Retrieved from http://itunes.apple.com/us/ pages/id361309726?mt=8&ls=1 Scott, C. (2011). Treasure hunt - the interactive boardgame (Version 1.1) [Computer software]. Retrieved from http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/ treasure-hunt-the-interactive/id4425986640? mt=8